Temple Church, London

Temple Church is located in Inner Temple, not visible from any outside street, one need to walk through the gateway, wandering about a bit to reach it. That’s the reason used to be very quiet, one could sit inside for a long while, contemplating about life or nothing, without being disturbed by a single soul. Unfortunately, since Dan Brown’s “Da Vinci Code” becomes best seller, the movie a Hollywood blockbuster, as Temple Church is on one of the major scenes, tourists started to walk in. Although not too many, the tranquility is somehow missed . Lunchtime organ recital is often held here, another unique feature is this is the only church in London, so far as I could find out, evensong service still sung in Latin. Although a non-Christian, one could still be touched deeply by the beauty of the music.

Question: Describe in detail the architecture of Temple Church.

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Temple Church, located in the heart of London between the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, is a historic and architectural gem with a rich history. It was originally built by the Knights Templar in the late 12th century and has undergone several modifications and restorations over the centuries. The church’s architecture reflects a blend of Norman and Gothic styles, making it a fascinating study in medieval architecture.

Architectural Features

1. Round Church: The most distinctive feature of Temple Church is its circular nave, known as the Round Church, which was consecrated in 1185. This design was inspired by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which the Templars sought to emulate. The round shape is symbolic of the church’s association with the Knights Templar.
2. Chancel: The rectangular chancel, added to the east of the Round Church in the early 13th century, is an excellent example of Early English Gothic architecture. Its addition signified the church’s expansion as the order’s wealth and influence grew.
3. Effigies: Inside the Round Church, there are effigies of knights, believed to represent important Templar figures. These stone effigies, some of which are cross-legged, have become synonymous with the Templars and add to the church’s historical aura.
4. Interior Details: The church’s interior is notable for its ornate details, including carved stonework, stained glass windows, and an elaborately painted wooden ceiling in the chancel, which was restored in the 19th century.
5. Purbeck Marble Columns: The columns in the Round Church are made of Purbeck Marble, a feature typical of Norman architecture. They add to the church’s unique aesthetic and historic significance.
6. Organ and Organ Case: The church houses a fine organ, with an ornately decorated case, which contributes to the church’s musical heritage and is used for a variety of recitals and services.

Historical Significance

• Knights Templar: Temple Church was originally built as the English headquarters of the Knights Templar.
• Legal Tradition: After the dissolution of the Templars, the church became associated with the legal profession, serving the two Inns of Court situated on either side of it. This association continues to this day, with the church playing an important role in the life of the legal community.

• Restoration and Conservation
• World War II Damage: The church was badly damaged during World War II but was meticulously restored, with the restoration work respecting its original architectural style and details.
• Modern Conservation: Ongoing conservation efforts ensure the preservation of this historical and architectural treasure for future generations.
• Temple Church stands today not only as a place of worship but also as a testament to the architectural ingenuity and historical significance of the Knights Templar. Its unique blend of Norman and Gothic elements, along with its storied past, makes it an important cultural and historical landmark in London.

Question: Explain knight’s Templar.

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The Knights Templar is a medieval Christian military order founded in the early 12th century. The order was established with the primary mission of protecting Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land during the Crusades. Over time, the Knights Templar became a powerful and wealthy organization, with a significant influence in both military and financial matters.

Key Aspects of the Knights Templar:

1. Foundation: The order was founded around 1119 in Jerusalem by French knight Hugues de Payens. They were initially known as the Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, which was later shortened to the Knights Templar.
2. Role in the Crusades: The Templars played a crucial role in the Crusades, a series of religious wars in the medieval period. They were among the most skilled fighting units and also helped finance the Crusades.
3. Wealth and Power: Over time, the Knights Templar grew in wealth and power. They established a network of fortifications throughout the Holy Land and Europe and developed an early form of banking, helping to manage and transport money for pilgrims and nobles.
4. Headquarters at the Temple Mount: The order took its name from their headquarters, located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which was believed to be the site of the Temple of Solomon.
5. Dissolution and Legacy: In the early 14th century, King Philip IV of France, in coordination with Pope Clement V, disbanded the Knights Templar, largely due to the King’s financial debts to the order. Many Templars were arrested, tried, and executed. The order’s assets were confiscated and given to the Knights Hospitaller.
6. Association with the Temple Church and Inns of Court: The Temple Church in London, located between the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, was originally the English headquarters of the Knights Templar. After the dissolution of the order, the Temple area became associated with the legal profession and eventually evolved into two of the four Inns of Court.

The Knights Templar have left a lasting legacy in history, marked by their military prowess, financial innovation, and the architectural and cultural heritage seen in places like the Temple Church in London. The order’s history is shrouded in mystery and legend, contributing to its enduring fascination in both historical and popular culture.

Question: There are many small gardens around, could you list a few?

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Indeed, the area surrounding the Inner Temple and Middle Temple, as well as the wider Inns of Court, is known for its charming and often hidden gardens, which provide a peaceful retreat amidst the hustle and bustle of central London. Here are some notable gardens in and around these historic legal precincts:

1. Inner Temple Garden: This is a beautiful and well-maintained garden within the Inner Temple, known for its wide variety of plants, flowers, and its impressive borders. It’s a popular spot for barristers and visitors alike.
2. Middle Temple Garden: Adjacent to the Middle Temple Hall, this garden offers a tranquil space with lawns, flowerbeds, and a lovely view of the River Thames. It is a perfect spot for contemplation and relaxation.
3. Fountain Court (Middle Temple): This courtyard is famous for its fountain and is surrounded by lush plantings and historic buildings. It’s a picturesque and serene spot within the Middle Temple.
4. New Square, Lincoln’s Inn: Located in Lincoln’s Inn, another of the Inns of Court near the Temples, this square features a charming garden surrounded by historic buildings.
5. Lincoln’s Inn Fields: A short walk from the Temples, Lincoln’s Inn Fields is the largest public square in London. It offers expansive green space and is surrounded by historic buildings, including parts of Lincoln’s Inn.
6. Gray’s Inn Gardens (The Walks): Also nearby are the gardens of Gray’s Inn, known as ‘The Walks’, which are among the largest private gardens in London. These gardens are beautifully landscaped and provide a peaceful oasis.

These gardens not only add to the aesthetic beauty of the legal quarter of London but also serve as important spaces for relaxation and reflection for those working in the high-pressure legal profession. Their historical and horticultural significance adds another layer to the rich tapestry of the Inns of Court. They are cherished not only by the legal community but also by visitors who seek a moment of calm in the busy city.

Question: List the existing round church in U.K. and around the world.

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Round churches, characterized by their circular or polygonal architectural plan, are relatively rare, but several notable examples exist in the UK and around the world. Here’s a list of some of these unique structures:

In the United Kingdom

1. Temple Church, London: Originally built by the Knights Templar in the late 12th century, this is one of the most famous round churches in the UK.
2. Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge: Known locally as The Round Church, it dates back to around 1130 and was also inspired by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
3. St John’s Chapel, Cambridge: Also known as the Round Church, this Norman chapel was built in the 12th century.
4. Little Maplestead Church, Essex: This is one of the few medieval round churches still in use in England and dates back to the 14th century.
5. St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London: Although not entirely round, it has a round nave and is associated with the Knights Templar.

Around the World

1. Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem: The original church that inspired many round churches, especially those associated with the Knights Templar.
2. Santa Costanza, Rome, Italy: An early Christian church, originally a mausoleum, dating from the 4th century.
3. Charola of the Convent of Christ, Tomar, Portugal: Built in the 12th century by the Knights Templar, it features a unique octagonal structure.
4. Rotunda of St. George, Thessaloniki, Greece: An ancient Roman structure later converted into a Christian church.
5. Rotunda of St. Martin, Vyšehrad, Czech Republic: Dating back to the 11th century, it is one of the oldest and best-preserved Romanesque round churches in Europe.

These round churches are not only architecturally interesting but also rich in historical and cultural significance. They reflect various influences, from the Knights Templar to early Christian traditions, and are important landmarks in their respective regions.